emergence of kings of bani qaysar in kish island (as per the geniza documents and other first-hand sources)

during the fifth and sixth centuries a.h, the persian gulf faced a recession in its commerce; instead, the centrality of the international maritime trade was transferred to the red sea and mediterranean region at the time. emergence of the kish island, as a significant trade area in the persian gulf region goes back to the mid-sixth century a.h. efforts made by a local tribe known as bani qaysar made kish, for the first time, the most strategic trade area in the persian gulf while also restored the centrality of maritime trade to the persian gulf after two decades. this article tries to go through the emergence of kish in the sixth century and the role of bani qaysar kings in this respect. the study takes the advantage of the persian and arabic documents of the said period as well as two invaluable documents relating to the set of documents of geniza.